Disinfection

• Overview

• Chlorination

  • Overview

  • Chlorination

  • Chlorine Gas

  • Sodium Hypochlorite

  • Calcium Hypochlorite

• Other disinfection

  • Overview

  • Chloramines

  • Chlorine Dioxide

  • Ozone

  • Ultraviolet Radiation

Effluent Treatment

• Sewage Treatment

  • Overview

  • Preliminary

  • Primary

  • Secondary

  • Tertiary

• Wine Waste

  • Wine cellar Waste

  • Aeration Techniques

• Grey vs. Black water

• Nutrient Removal

• Re-use of treated sewage

Filtration

• Overview

• Sand Filtration

• Slow Sand filters

• Rapid Gravity Filters

• Pressure Sand Filters

• Cartridge Filters

• Activated Carbon filters

Hardness

• Overview

• Water Hardness

• Water Softening

Reedbeds

• Overview

Water Problems

• Bad Odours

  • Overview

  • Aeration

  • Chlorine Dosing

  • Potash Filtration

• Colour Overview

• Contaminants

• Iron Removal

  • Overview

  • Oxidized iron

  • Soluble iron

  • Colloidal iron

  • Bacterial iron

  • Organic bound iron

  • Copper

Water Treatment

• Deionization

• Distillation

• Reverse Osmosis